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Tݮݱ‡âÇ¯í¨‡ ±‡ÎcʇáPˆR 15 Q.Ëáà. ŸÔÕ®‡‰È ±‡ÅÊÝÓ‡ ʇÞw A‰Èí¨‡ ®Ýʇ⠮ˆàÇÊÝX ñ‡ÚàÊÝw WÝÅʇáPˆR Ó‡áʈãਇ‰È Ÿí©Ú¨ˆÊ‡â. ʇáLj®Ýw®‡ ÓˆãŸX®‡‰ÈÇáʇ D WÝÅʇᨇ‰È PˆàÊ‡Æ 16 ʇᮈW‡Úʈ. C‰Èí¨‡ BÃ‡í»‡Wˆãíwñ‡á ®‡Ê‡á¾ PÝÆ°wWˆ. ¸ˆÚWˆY 10 W‡ípˆWˆ BÇí¼Ôܨ‡ ®Ýʇâ CPÝRpÝr¨‡ CÚhÝÄ®‡ PÝÇݪĿá‰È 3 W‡ípˆW‡Ù‡ PÝÆ ®‡vˆ¿ááñ‡¤Çˆà Cܨ‡á Pˆã®ˆW‡ã ñ‡Æá²Ü¨‡á ¼àʇᮇW‡v‡ Ó‡Ëáే.
ʈáàLj ʇááSʇÞw ®ˆãàw¨ÝW‡ ¿Þ|¨‡ ®ˆ®‡±‡â. Cí¥‡ ÎàSǨ‡ ʈáàLj A¨ˆØàWˆ ¯ËáìÔ¨‡Ãˆãà B Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° Gí¨‡á ËaÝÇʇáW‡°®ÝX Jí¨‡á ¯ËáЇ ʇå讇ÊݨÝW‡ ¥‡or®ˆ G¨‡áÄWˆ «‡v‡«‡v‡ ͇Ÿª ʇÞv‡áñ‡¤ ±ˆä¨ˆÀáí¨‡ ÖˆãÇŸí¨‡á ±‡P‡R©í¨‡Çˆà ÖÝ¿á᪠ֈãਇ B ¯àÆWÝ¿á ±ÝÅ~¿á BPÝÇ Öˆ¨‡ÄÔ¹qrñ‡á.
Öˆ|á¡ ÓÝí¸ÝÇ®‡íñˆÁáà CÇáʇ D ¯àÆWÝ¿á PÝ|áÊ‡â¨‡á ¨ˆãv‡x BP‡Ù‡ P‡Ã‡áË®‡íñˆ. ʇááí¨ˆ Öˆhˆj Cv‡áñ‡¤Çˆà P‡Oˆ¡¨‡áÄWˆà Ö‡áÈ¿á J|X¨‡ ʇáÆ. ʇááí¨ˆ Wˆãàa‡ÄÔܨ‡á bÇñˆ ÖÝW‡ã P‡Ã‡w¿á ʇáÆ. C¨ˆ‰Æ ®ˆãàw¨ÝW‡ G¨ˆŸwñ‡ hˆãàÃÝÀáñ‡á. Pˆãàpˆ¿á®ˆ°àÄÁáà ŸÃ‡áʇ ñ‡Ê‡P‡ Jí¨ˆvˆ¿Þ¨‡Ãˆ PÝv‡á±ÝÅ~W‡Ùˆà®Ý¨‡Ã‡ã G¨‡áÃݨ‡Ãˆ H®Ý¾vˆãਇá GíŸá¨‡Ã‡ bíñˆ C®ˆã°í¨ˆvˆ. W‡áv‡x¨‡w¿á‰ÈÁáà Jí¨‡á Ó‡áÇíW‡Ê‡ÞW‡ì P‡íwñ‡á.
ʇáÆXPˆãívˆà ÖˆãàW‡áʇЇár ¨ÝÄ. JÙ‡®‡áXY ¸ÝÂoÄ ¹oár ®ˆãàw¨ÝW‡ P‡ív‡Ü¨‡á ¯àÇá. CЇár Gñ‡¤Ã‡¨‡ ±‡Å¨ˆà͇¨‡‰È ŸívˆW‡‰È®‡‰È ÖˆàW‡±‡³ ¯àÃ‡á Ÿíñ‡á GíŸ ±‡Å͈°Wˆ Eñ‡¤Ã‡ ¨ˆãÈ¿áȉÆ.
Ó‡áÇíW‡©í¨‡ ÖˆãÇŸí¨‡á ʈ㨇Æá ¨ˆàʇÓݧ®‡PˆR Öˆãਈʇâ. A‰Èܨ‡ Ö‡ñݤÇá ʇӇá¤W‡Ù‡®‡á° ®ˆãàw B͇cÇÂÊÝÀáñ‡á. ʇá~¡®‡ ¨ˆãv‡x¨Ý¨‡ P‡áwPˆ, ñÝʇáŨ‡í£ñ‡á¤. ±‡P‡R¨‡‰ÇˆÃ‡v‡á ʇáǨ‡ Pˆñ‡¤®ˆ¿á ʇáã£ìW‡Ù‡á. ʇááí¨ˆ ñÝʇáŨ‡ bP‡R ®ÝW‡Ã‡ ÖˆvˆW‡Ù‡á, Ó‡|¡ ÈíW‡W‡Ù‡á, ±‡ÅP‡ê£Ááà ¯ËáìÔ¨‡íñˆ ÈíW‡¨‡ BPÝÇW‡Ù‡á. ¨ˆãv‡x¨Ý¨‡ W‡áÖˆ¿á‰È D G‰Æ ʇӇá¤W‡Ù‡á Wˆãàa‡ÄÔ¨‡Ê‡â.
W‡áÖˆ¿á ʈáàÆYvˆ¿á‰È ʇáñˆ¤ ¯Ó‡W‡ì ¯Ëáìñ‡ Ó‡áÇíW‡W‡Úʈ. aÝÇ| ÓÝÖ‡ÔW‡Ã‡á ʈáàLj Ö‡ñ‡¤Çˆí¨‡á Eܨ‡¨‡ P‡qrWˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° CqrܨÝÈ. ®Ýʇâ A‰Èí¨‡ Pˆãàpˆ Ö‡ñ‡¤Æá BÇí¼Ô¨ˆÊ‡â.
CЇár ¨ˆãv‡x ÓÝʇÞÅg P‡áÄñ‡á C£ÖÝÓ‡¨‡ ±‡âoW‡Ù‡‰È C¨‡Ã‡ ËʇÇW‡Ù‡á ¨ˆãÇP‡áʇ⨇á P‡Ð‡r. ÎÊÝi ʇáÖÝÃÝg D XÄ¿á ®ˆ£¤¿áʇÈWˆ Pˆàí¨‡ÅÊÝXoárPˆãív‡á ±‡Ö‡Ãˆ ʇÞv‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡íñˆ. B¨‡Ã‡ã C‰È AʇÇá EÚ¨‡Ü¨‡á ¿ÞQǟևᨇá GíŸ ±‡Å͈°Wˆ Eñ‡¤Ã‡ ¨ˆãÈ¿áȉÆ. ŸÖ‡á͇@ WˆãàÊÝ W‡wÀáí¨‡ ¿ÞÇ㠮‡áÓ‡áÙ‡¨‡íñˆ ¯WÝ Ê‡×Ó‡Æá D Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° ¯ËáìÓ‡ÇÝXñ‡á¤. A«‡ì ¸ˆor Ö‡ñ‡á¤Ê‡ ֈ㣤Wˆ G¨ˆŸwñ‡ hˆãàÃÝXñ‡á¤. Ó‡áʇÞÇá 80 wXÅ¿áЇár KÈ¿Þ¨‡ D P‡Ä P‡‰È®‡ ¸ˆor¨‡ ʈáç Ó‡ÊÝLjãv‡áx£¤ñ‡á¤. Ó‡ÌƳ PÝÆá hÝĨ‡Ãˆ ±‡Å±Ýñ‡Êˆà W‡£.
Pˆãàpˆ¿á C£ÖÝÓ‡ AƳӇÌƳ K©Ü¨ÝXñ‡á¤. Pˆãàpˆ¿á ʈáàLj ÖˆãàX ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ Cwà ±‡Îcʇá ZorW‡Ù‡ ¨ˆãv‡x W‡áv‡xW‡Ù‡á, Çʇá~à¿á ¨‡ê͇ P‡Oˆ¡¨‡áÇá. P‡®ÝìoP‡ ÖÝW‡ã WˆãàÊÝ ÃÝgÂW‡Ù‡ ¯àÇá Ö‡íbPˆWˆ ËÊݨ‡ËÄÔ¨‡ ʇáÖݨÝÀá ®‡©¿áá ÍÝíñ‡bñ‡¤ÙÝX ևĿáᣤÇáʇ⨇á P‡íwñ‡á. WˆãívÝÇ|¨‡‰È W‡áv‡x¨‡ ʈáàLj ¯ËáìÔ¨‡ Cí¥‡ ʇáÃÝsÝ ÓÝʇÞÅgÂÍÝ× Pˆãàpˆ P‡®ÝìoP‡¨‡‰È C®ˆã°í©‰ÆʈíŸá¨‡á TݣſÞÀáñ‡á.
ÎÊÝi ʇáÖÝÃÝgÇá C‰È Gíoá ©®‡ Cܨ‡Ãˆí¨‡á Pˆãàpˆ¿á C£ÖÝÓ‡ ÖˆàÙ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. BʇÇ| ¨Ýq¨ÝW‡ G¨‡áÄWˆ P‡áÔ¨‡á¹Ü¨‡ ʇᮈ¿á P‡áÇáÖ‡áW‡Úܨ‡Ê‡â. PÝw®‡‰È XÄ P‡í¨‡Ã‡W‡Ù‡ ʈáàLj Cíñ‡Ö‡ Ӈ៫‡ÅÊݨ‡ Pˆãàpˆ ¯ËáìÓ‡Æá PÝÇ|ʈஇá? ŸÖ‡á͇@ ¸ˆÙ‡WÝË i‰ÇˆWˆ WˆãàÊÝ W‡wÀáí¨‡ ¿ÞÇ㠮‡áÓ‡áÙ‡¨‡íñˆ ¯WÝʇ×Ó‡Æá D Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° ¯ËáìÔÇŸÖ‡á¨Ý?
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ñˆ®ÝÈ WÝÅʇᨇ »‡ãËá¿á‰È Ó‡ÖÝÂ©Å¿á ±‡Ê‡ìñ‡ÍˆÅà~W‡Úí¨‡ ¸ˆà±‡ìor Jí¨‡á ŸêÖ‡ñ… W‡áv‡x¨‡ ʈáàLj ¯ËáìÔ¨‡ ¼àʇáW‡v‡ Pˆãàpˆ ®ˆãàv‡áW‡Ã‡ ʈáç ®‡ËÈàÚÓ‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ʇáãÇá P‡vˆW‡Úí¨‡ ±‡Å±Ýñ‡©í¨‡Æã P‡ãw¨‡ D P‡‰ÆáW‡áv‡x¨‡ Jí¨ˆvˆ ʇÞñ‡Å CÚhÝÄ®‡ ʈáç Cܨ‡á Ö‡ñ‡¤Æá P‡‰ÆáPˆãÇP‡áW‡Ù‡ ʇ᫈ Ӈ|¡ ¨ˆãv‡x Xv‡Ê‡áÇW‡Úʈ. Pˆãàpˆ¿á ¨‡QÒ|©í¨‡ Eñ‡¤Ã‡PˆR Ó‡áʇÞÇá 1400 Aw Eܨ‡Ëܨ‡ ±‡äʇì©í¨‡ ±‡ÎcʇáPˆR 850 Aw AW‡Æ˨ˆ. 1827Ç‰È ¹ÅqÐ… A˜PÝÄW‡Ù‡ ®ˆàñ‡êñ‡Ì¨‡ ±‡ÄÎàÆ®Ý Ó‡ËᣠD Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° A«‡Â¿á®‡ ʇÞwñ‡á¤.
ÎÊÝi¿áá 1680PˆR ʇááíaˆ ñ‡®‡° iàËñÝʇ˜¿á‰È C‰È Ÿí¨‡á ñ‡íXܨ‡Ã‡ ŸWˆY Ó‡Ë᣿áá £ÚÔ¨ˆ. 1719Ç‰È D Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° ÍÝÖ‡á ʇáÖÝÃÝgÄWˆ ¯àv‡ÇÝÀáñˆíŸ C£ÖÝӇ˨ˆ. ¸ˆÙ‡WÝË ÓÝʇÞÅg¨‡ PÝʇÈWÝX D Pˆãàpˆ¿á®‡á° ¯ËáìÓ‡ÇÝXñˆ¤í¨‡á £ÚÓ‡ÇÝX¨ˆ. Pˆãàpˆ¿á ʈáàLjàĨÝW‡ A«‡ì GP‡Ãˆ¿áЇár »‡ãËáÀᨈ. A‰Æ‰È ñ‡W‡áY ©®ˆ°W‡Ù‡á ÖÝW‡ã P‡áÔ¨‡ ʇᮈW‡Ù‡ Aw±Ý¿áW‡Úʈ.
G‰Æ P‡vˆÀáí¨‡Æã Ö‡ñ‡¤Æã ¨‡áW‡ìʇáÊݨ‡ D Pˆãàpˆ. Cíñ‡Ö‡ ¼àʇáW‡v‡PˆR aÝÇ| PˆçPˆãÙ‡ÛŸ¿áÓ‡áʇʇÇá AÇ| CÇÝTˆ¿á ±‡Ã‡ÊݯWˆ ±‡vˆ¨‡á aÝÇ| PˆçPˆãÙ‡ÛŸÖ‡á¨ÝX¨ˆ. |
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