®ÝÙˆ (2008 ʇÞa…ì 3) P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡Å-ÇíW‡Ê‡â G±‡³-ñˆô-¨‡®ˆà ʇЇìPˆR PÝÈ-v‡á-£¤¨ˆ. Aí¨‡Ãˆ ʇgŠʇáÖˆãà-ñ‡Õʇ ʇЇì BÃ‡í»‡-ÊÝ-W‡á-£¤¨ˆ. Cíñ‡Ö‡ Ó‡í¨‡-»‡ì-¨‡‰È P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡Å-ÇíW‡-¨‡‰È ®‡vˆ-¿áá-£¤-Çáʇ ˨‡Â-ʇÞ-®‡-W‡Ù‡á AЈrஇã BÈãàW‡ÂP‡Ã‡ÊÝX‰Æ. AЈràPˆ, bñˆãÅਇÂʇᨇ ±ÝÅ£¯˜P‡ Ó‡íÓˆ§W‡ÚWˆ ʇáñ‡á¤ Ó‡PÝìÇPˆR C¨‡á P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ ʇgÅʇáÖˆãàñ‡Õʇ ʇЇìÊˆíŸ ®ˆ®‡±‡â Ó‡Ö‡ Ÿí¨‡í£‰Æ.

ÄàʈáàP… bñ‡ÅW‡ÚWˆ ñˆÄWˆ Ë®ÝÀᣠPˆãv‡¸ˆàP‡á A¥‡ÊÝ Pˆãv‡¸ÝǨ‡á GíŸ ËЇ¿á¨‡‰È Cwà P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ AÚʇâ& EÚʇâ Av‡X¨ˆ GíŸ »‡Åʈá ʇáãwÓ‡áʇ ‘hÝW‡êñ‡ ±‡Åhˆn’ ʇÞñ‡Å ±‡ÅgÌÈӇᣤ¨ˆ. ÄàʈáàP… bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡ ËЇ¿áʇâ P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ Jí¨‡á ӇʇáÓˆÂÁáà ÖˆãÇñ‡á A¨ˆãí¨ˆà G‰Æʇä A‰Æ GíŸ ËʈàP‡ ¿ÞPˆ C‰Æ Gí¨‡á ËÐݨ‡ÊÝW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ.

ÄàʈáàP… G®‡á°Ê‡â¨‡á a‡Æ®‡ bñ‡Åʈäí¨‡Ã‡ P‡ñˆ, bñ‡ÅP‡ñˆWˆ Aí¨‡Ãˆ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â Ë»ÝW‡PˆR ʇÞñ‡Å Ó‡íŸí˜Ô¨‡ ËЇ¿á. a‡Æ®‡bñ‡Å ¯Ê‡Þì|¨‡ A®ˆàP‡ AíW‡W‡Ù‡‰È ‘ÓÝ×ñ‡Â Ë»ÝW‡’ Jí¨‡á ʇááS AíW‡ G®‡á°Ê‡â¨‡á ¯gÊݨ‡Ã‡ã P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ AÚʇâ& EÚʇâ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â Ë»ÝW‡Êˆäí¨‡®‡á° ʇÞñ‡Å AʇÆí¹Ô¨ˆÁáí¨‡á »ÝËÓ‡áʇ⨇á Jí¨‡á ˱‡¿ÞìӇʈà Ó‡Ä.

ÄàʈáàP… bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡ ±‡Ã‡»ÝÐÝ P‡ñˆ, bñ‡ÅP‡ñˆ¿á®‡á° ËÈãà˜Ô ñˆÄWˆ Ë®ÝÀᣠPˆãv‡áÊ‡â¨‡á ¸ˆàv‡ G®‡á°Ê‡Ê‡Ã‡á A¨ˆà Ä࣠±‡Ã‡»ÝÐÝ P‡ÇÝ˨‡Ã‡á, ñ‡íñ‡ÅgnÇá WÝ¿áP‡Ã‡á CÇáʇ P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅW‡ÚWˆ Ä¿ÞÀᣠ¸ˆàv‡Êˆí¨‡á ¿ÞPˆ Öˆàهᣤ‰Æ?

Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ ÓèÆ»‡ÂW‡Ù‡á ¸ˆàP‡á G®‡á°Ê‡â¨Ý¨‡Ãˆ ±‡Ã‡»ÝÐÝ P‡ñˆ, bñ‡ÅP‡ñˆ¿á®‡°Ðˆrà A‰Æ, ±‡Ã‡»ÝÐÝ P‡ÇÝ˨‡Ã‡á, ñ‡íñ‡ÅgnÇá, WÝ¿áP‡Ãˆà ʇááíñݨ‡ BÊ‡á¨‡á ŸÙ‡W‡P‡ãR ¯¿áíñ‡Å|ËǸˆàPˆí¨‡á ¿ÞPˆ Pˆàهᣤ‰Æ? ÄàʈáàP… bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡®‡á° W‡áÇá£Ó‡Æá DW‡ CÇáʇ ¯¿áʇÞʇÚW‡Ù‡ ʈçÇ᫇ÂW‡Ù‡®‡á° ¿ÞPˆ G£¤ ñˆãàÄӇᣤ‰Æ? C®ˆã°í¨‡á P‡vˆ ±‡Ã‡»ÝÐÝ P‡ñˆWÝÇÇá, ®‡q¿áÇá, ñ‡íñ‡ÅgnÇá, WÝ¿áP‡Ãˆà ʇááíñݨ‡Ê‡Ã‡ ʇááí¨ˆ ʇáíw¿áãÄ P‡ãñ‡Ãˆ ʇÞñ‡Å P‡®‡°v‡ bñˆãÅਇÂʇᨇ E¨ÝœÃ‡Êˆí¨‡á »ÝËÔÇáʇʇÇ B»‡ìoPˆR H®‡á ÖˆàÙ‡áʇ⨇á?

C‰È A¼Ê‡ÂQ¤ ÓÝÌñ‡íñ‡Å騇 ±‡Å͈°Àá‰Æ. Ó‡PÝìÄ ÓèÆ»‡Â¨‡ ±‡Å͈° ʇÞñ‡Å C¨ˆ. ¿ÞÃ‡á ¿Þʇ⨈à Äࣿá bñ‡Å ʇÞv‡Æá Ó‡Ìñ‡íñ‡ÅÇá. B¨‡Ãˆ Ó‡PÝìǨ‡ ÓèÆ»‡ÂW‡Ù‡á ¸ˆàPˆí¨‡Ãˆ ʇÞñ‡Å ¯©ìЇr ¯¿áʇáW‡ÚWˆ Ÿ¨‡œÊÝXǸˆàP‡á. D ¯¿áʇáW‡Ù‡á ÖˆàXǸˆàP‡á GíŸ ŸWˆY Ӈʇޫݮ‡P‡Ã‡ Ó‡¯°Êˆà͇¨‡‰È a‡aˆì ®‡vˆ¿ááʇ ÊÝñÝʇÇ|ʇâ ʇgÅʇáÖˆãàñ‡Õʇ ʇЇ쨇‰Çݨ‡Ã‡ã Ÿí©àñˆ Gí¨‡á ¯ÄàQÒÔ¨‡Ãˆ ¯ÃÝ͈Ááà G¨‡áÃÝW‡áʇíñˆ PÝ|ᣤ¨ˆ. HP‡í͇¨‡ PÝ¿áìP‡Åʇᨇ‰Çˆà P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ AÚʇâ& EÚʇâ Av‡X¨ˆÁáí¨‡á E»‡¿á Ÿ|W‡Ù‡á »ÝËÔÇáʇ⨇ljLjà Ӈʇáӈ¿á Ó‡áÚ C¨ˆ.

bíñ‡®ˆ ®‡vˆ¿áÈ : A¨ˆà®ˆà CÇÈ, ʇgÅʇáÖˆãàñ‡Õʇ ʇЇ쨇‰È P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡PˆR JÚñÝW‡áʇ, ®ˆçg P‡®‡°v‡ñ‡®‡PˆR ʇᮇ°Oˆ ÔW‡áʇ, Ӈʇábñ‡¤¨‡ bíñ‡®ˆ ®‡vˆ¿áÈ Gí¨‡á ÖÝÈçÓ‡¸ˆàPÝX¨ˆ. ÖÝWˆ ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ ±‡Ã‡í±‡ÃˆWˆ Ó‡Ìñ‡íñ‡Å ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡ Ó‡³Í‡ìËÇáʇ⨇®‡á° C£ÖÝÓ‡©í¨‡ ®Ýʇ⠣ڿḈàP‡á. ʇááSÂÊÝׯ¿á hˆãñˆWˆ ±‡¿Þì¿á bñ‡Å ±‡Ã‡í±‡Ãˆ ¸ˆÙˆ©Ã‡áʇ⨇®‡á° W‡Ê‡á¯Ó‡¸ˆàP‡á.

P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà ÊÝQcñ‡Å ‘Ó‡£ Ó‡áLjãàa‡®‡’ ¹v‡áW‡vˆ¿Þ¨‡Ü¨‡á 1934 ʇÞa…ì 3Ã‡í¨‡á. Aí¨‡Ãˆ 3&3&2008 Äí¨‡ ʇgÅʇáÖˆãàñ‡Õʇ ʇЇì BÃ‡í»‡ÊÝW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡Ê‡â G±‡³ñˆô¨‡®ˆà ʇЇìPˆR PÝÈv‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. ‘Ó‡£ Ó‡áLjãàa‡®‡’ bñ‡ÅP‡ãR ʇááíaˆÁáà Aí¨‡Ãˆ 1933ljLjà b£ÅàP‡Ã‡|ʇ®‡á° ±ÝÅÇí¼Ô¨‡ ‘»‡P‡¤ ¨‡áÅʇ’ bñ‡Åʇâ ñ‡v‡ÊÝX ʇááX¨‡á, ñ‡v‡ÊÝX ¹v‡áW‡vˆ¿Þܨ‡Äí¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ GÇv‡®ˆà ÊÝQcñ‡ÅÊÝÀáñ‡á.

±‡äʈàì£ÖÝÓ‡ : ÊÝQcñ‡ÅW‡ÚW‡ã ʇááíaˆÁáà P‡®‡°wW‡Ã‡á bñ‡Å ¯Ê‡Þì|¨‡‰È ñˆãv‡XÔPˆãíwܨÝÈ. P‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È ®‡vˆ¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà b£ÅàP‡Ã‡|ʇâ Jí¨‡á ®ÝoP‡PˆR Ó‡íŸí«‡±‡qr¨ˆ. 1921 Ç‰È ‘ÇñÝ°Ê‡Ú ¦ÁáàqÅP‡Ç… P‡í±‡¯’¿á G.Ë. ʇǨÝaÝ¿áìÇá ʈáçÓ‡ãÇá AÇʇᮈ¿á‰È, CíXÉÐ… ®ÝoP‡¨‡ Çã±Ýíñ‡Ã‡Êݨ‡ ‘¯Ã‡á±‡Ê‡Þ’ GíŸ ®ÝoP‡Ê‡®‡á° ±‡Å¨‡Í‡ì®‡ ʇÞv‡á£¤ÜܨÝW‡, Aí©®‡ ¿ááʇÃÝg P‡ítàÇʇ ®‡Ã‡ÔíÖ‡ÃÝg Jvˆ¿áÃ… AʇÇá PˆçÀáí¨‡ Ӈᣤ bñ‡Å ñˆWˆ¿ááʇ PÝÂʇáÃÝ©í¨‡ D ®ÝoP‡ b£ÅàP‡ÄÔ¨‡Ã‡á (‘P‡®‡°v‡ ԯʇÞ& C£ÖÝÓ‡¨‡ ±‡âoW‡Ù‡‰È’& W‡íWÝ«‡Ã‡ ʈ㨇ȿÞÃ…).

®‡íñ‡Ã‡ 1925 Ç‰È W‡á¹º a‡®‡°ŸÓ‡Êˆà͇ÌÇ ®ÝoP‡ ʇáív‡Ú¿áá ñ‡ÄàPˆÃˆ¿á Ó‡íñˆ ʈáç¨Ý®‡¨‡‰È PÝÂí±… ÖÝQ ‘ʇáÖÝñ‡¾ P‡¹àÇ’ ®ÝoP‡ ±‡Å¨‡Í‡ì®‡Ê‡®‡á° ʇÞv‡á£¤Ü¨ÝW‡ ʇᨇÃÝÔ®‡ ÇíW‡¿á ®Ý¿ááx AÊ‡Ã‡á ®ÝÆáR ©®‡W‡Ù‡ PÝÆ A¨‡®‡á° b£ÅàP‡ÄÔ¨‡Ã‡á. 1929 Ç‰È ñ‡¿ÞÃݨ‡ ʇáãQ bñ‡Å ‘ʇӇíñ‡ ӈஇ’ʇâ Ó‡íÓ‡¢ñ‡ ®ÝoP‡ ‘ʇáêa‡fP‡qP‡’¨‡ B«ÝÇ©í¨‡ ¯Ê‡Þì|Wˆãíwñ‡á.

1930& 31 Ç‰È ÎʇÃÝʇá PÝÇíñ‡Ã‡á »‡ãñ‡ÃÝg ʇáñ‡á¤ vˆãËáíWˆã GíŸ GÇv‡á ʇáãQ bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡®‡á° ¯ËáìÔ, ¯¨ˆìàÎÔ¨‡Ã‡á. 1930 Ç‰È ¨ˆàʇâv‡á ®‡Ã‡ÔíÖ‡ ÍÝÔ÷W‡Ù‡ ‘P‡Ù‡ÛÇ P‡ão’ ®ÝoP‡Ê‡®‡á° B«‡ÄÔ ‘×Ó… ÆÊ… A´ˆàÃ…’ GíŸ Ê‡áãQ bñ‡Åʇ⠯ʇÞì|ÊÝÀáñ‡á. C¨ˆà Ó‡áʇÞÄWˆ ¨ˆàʇâv‡á AʇÇ ¯àÙ‡Yñˆ¿á®Ý°«‡ÄÔ¨‡ ‘ÓÝíW… B´… Lj紅’ GíŸ Ê‡áãQ bñ‡Å Ç㱇âWˆãíwñ‡á.

×àWˆ ʇáãQ bñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡ PÝÆ©í¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â ʇáñ‡á¤ ÇíW‡»‡ãËá¿á hˆãñˆWˆ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ Ó‡íŸí«‡ ¸ˆÙˆ¨‡á Ÿí©¨ˆ. ¹v‡áW‡vˆ¿Þ¨‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ P‡®‡°v‡ ÊÝQcñ‡Å ‘Ó‡£ Ó‡áLjãàa‡®‡’¨‡ P‡ñˆ, Ó‡í»ÝЇOˆ ʇáñ‡á¤ ÖÝv‡áW‡Ù‡®‡á° ÇbÔ¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á TÝÂñ‡ ®ÝoP‡PÝÇ ¸ˆÙÝÛʈ ®‡Ã‡Ö‡Ä ÍÝÔ÷W‡Ù‡á. 1935 Ç‰È Ÿí¨‡ W‡á¹º P‡í±‡¯¿á ‘Ó‡¨ÝÇʈᒠ(Êˆã¨‡Æ Bʇ꣤) ʇáÃÝtÀáí¨‡ Çã±Ýíñ‡Ã‡Wˆãív‡ P‡®‡°v‡ ®ÝoP‡Ê‡®‡á° B«‡ÄÔñ‡á¤.

P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà ÓÝʇÞiP‡ ÊÝQcñ‡ÅÊݨ‡ ‘Ó‡íÓÝÇ ®èP‡’ʇ®‡á° Ga….GÇ….G®…. ÔíÖ‡ AʇÇá A¨ˆà ֈӇĮ‡ ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ®ÝoP‡Ê‡®‡á° B«‡ÄÔ Ã‡ã²Ô¨‡Ã‡á (1936). ¹. ±‡âorÓÝÌʇá¿á AʇÇá 1941 Ç‰È W‡á¹º ËàÇ|¡®‡Ê‡Ã‡á ¯ËáìÔ¨‡ ‘Ӈệ¨‡Å’ bñ‡ÅPˆR P‡ñˆ, bñ‡ÅP‡ñˆ, Ó‡í»ÝЇOˆ, XàñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ŸÃˆ¨‡Ã‡á. 1942 Ç‰È ñ‡¿ÞÃݨ‡ ‘iàʇ®‡ ®ÝoP‡’ bñ‡ÅPˆR A.®‡.P‡ê. AʇÇá P‡ñˆ, bñ‡ÅP‡ñˆ ʇáñ‡á¤ Ó‡í»ÝЇOˆ ŸÃˆ¨‡Ã‡á.

vÝ. ÃÝgP‡áʇÞÃ… AÊ‡Ã‡á ®Ý¿áP‡ÃÝX A¼®‡ÀáÔ¨‡ ‘¸ˆàv‡Ã‡ P‡|¡±‡³’ (1954) bñ‡ÅPˆR Ö‡ÄևÇ P‡Ë¿á ‘P‡|¡±‡³®‡ ÇW‡Ùˆ’ B«ÝÇ ʇáñ‡á¤ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà Pݨ‡íŸÄ B«ÝÄñ‡ vÝ. ÃÝgP‡áʇÞÃ… A¼®‡¿á¨‡ ‘P‡Ã‡áOˆÁáà P‡áoáퟨ‡ P‡|á¡’ bñ‡ÅPˆR P‡êЇ¡Ê‡áã£ì ±‡âÃÝ~P‡Ã‡ ‘«‡Ê‡á쨈àʇñˆ’ Pݨ‡íŸÄ B«ÝÇ. P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡PˆR b. Ó‡¨ÝÎʇ¿á Aʇ-Ã‡í¥‡ A®ˆàP‡Ã‡ Pˆãv‡áWˆ A±ÝÇ.

×àWˆ P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡Ê‡â BÃ‡í»‡©í¨‡Æã ÓÝ×ñ‡Â ʇáñ‡á¤ ÇíW‡»‡ãËá PˆÒàñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡ Ó‡íŸí«‡©í¨‡ Ó‡Ö‡g ËPÝÓ‡ PÝ|áñ‡¤ Ÿí©¨ˆ. Cí¨‡á C¨ˆà Ô§£ C¨ˆÁá? ËË«‡ ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡ PˆÒàñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á ±‡Ã‡Ó‡³Ã‡ ±‡äÇP‡ÊÝW‡áñ‡¤ ±‡ÅŸá¨‡œÊÝW‡¸ˆàPݨ‡ AW‡ñ‡Â C¨ˆ¿á‰Æʈ? ʇgÅʇáÖˆãàñ‡Õʇ ʇЇ쨇‰Çݨ‡Ã‡ã Cíñ‡Ö‡ ±‡Å͈°W‡ÚWˆ Eñ‡¤Ã‡ P‡ív‡áPˆãÙ‡Û¸ˆàP‡‰Æʈ?
P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ C®ˆã°í¨‡á ŸÖ‡áʇááS B¿ÞʇáÊˆí¨‡Ãˆ, BÃ‡í»‡©í¨‡Æã ®‡Ê‡á¾ Ó‡íÓ‡¢£¿á ‘E±‡«ÝÈ’¿á®‡á° B«‡ÄÔܨ‡á. ‘E±‡’ Gí¨‡ P‡ãv‡Çˆà A±‡Å«Ý®‡ Gí¨‡á »ÝËÓ‡¸ˆàPÝX‰Æ. Ó‡íÓ‡¢£¿á‰È PˆÆʇ⠮ˆÇˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ±‡Å«Ý®‡WˆãÚÔ¨‡ (Ö‡áÔ) ±‡Ã‡í±‡Ãˆ¿áá ®‡Ê‡á¾‰È¨ˆ. A¨‡PˆR ±‡¿Þì¿áÊݨ‡ B¨‡Ãˆ AЈrà ±‡Å«Ý®‡Êݨ‡ «ÝÈW‡Ù‡®‡á° ×®ˆ°ÇˆWˆ Ó‡ÄÓ‡ÇÝXܨ‡á, AʇâW‡Ù‡®‡á° W‡áÇá£WÝX ‘E±‡«ÝÈ’ Gí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ¿áᣤܨˆà®ˆ ʇáñ‡á¤ AʇâW‡Ù‡á E±‡«ÝÈW‡ÙÝX EÚ¨‡Ü¨‡ã Jí¨‡á ÊÝÓ‡¤Ê‡ Ó‡íW‡£¿ÞX¨ˆ.

Ë͈àÐ‡Êˆí¨‡Ãˆ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà ÊÝQcñ‡Åʈà Ó‡íÓ‡¢£¿á ‘E±‡«ÝÈ’¿á®‡á° AʇÆí¹Ô¨ˆ. Cí¨‡Åiñ‡áË®‡ Öˆív‡£¿Þ¨‡ ‘Ó‡£ Ó‡áLjãàa‡®‡’ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ Êˆã¨‡Æ ÊÝQcñ‡ÅPˆR ±‡Å«Ý®‡ ʇӇá¤Êݨ‡íñˆ ÔàñݨˆàË¿á ±Ýñ‡Å ¿ÞPˆ BW‡È‰Æ GíŸ ±‡Å͈° P‡áñ‡ãÖ‡ÆPÝÄ¿Þ¨‡á¨‡á. ÖÝWˆ ®ˆãàw¨‡Ãˆ, P‡®‡°v‡ bñ‡ÅÇíW‡¨‡ ʈ㨇Ʈˆà PÝÆá ͇ñ‡Ê‡Þ®‡Ê‡â ‘ÓÝíÓ‡¢£P‡ E±‡«ÝÈ’¿á®‡á° ‘±‡Å«Ý®‡«ÝÈ’¿ÞXÔ¨‡ ±‡ÅʇááS B¿Þʇáʇ®‡á° ±‡vˆ©¨ˆ.

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