Ö‡ñˆã¤íŸñ‡¤®ˆ¿á ͇ñ‡Ê‡Þ®‡¨‡‰È ¨‡ü| P‡®‡°v‡ i‰Çˆ ÖÝW‡ã ʇááí¸ˆç P‡®ÝìoP‡¨‡‰È PˆùÓ‡¤ ʇáñ‡¨‡ ±‡ÅaÝÇ ʇÞv‡á£¤¨‡ªÊ‡Ã‡á ¸ÝӈDž Ëá͇¯°®‡Ê‡Ã‡á. AʇÇ‰È A®ˆàP‡Ã‡á P‡®‡°v‡ »ÝЈ, ÓÝ×ñ‡ÂW‡ÚWˆ Z®‡Êݨ‡ Óˆàʈ Ó‡‰ÈÔܨÝÈ.

P‡®‡°v‡ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â¨‡‰È ÖˆãÓ‡ E±‡P‡ÅʇáW‡Ù‡®‡á° BÇí¼Ô¨ÝªÃˆ. 1843Ç‰È ʈãñ‡¤Êˆã¨‡È®‡ P‡®‡°v‡ ±‡£ÅPˆ "ʇáíW‡Ù‡ãÇá ӇʇÞaÝÇ’ʇ®‡á° D Ëá͇¯°®‡ ևʇáì®… ʈãÊ…XÉíW… ÖˆãÇñ‡í¨‡Ã‡á. A¨‡Ã‡íñˆ 1840Ç ¨‡Í‡P‡¨‡Ð‡ár ×í¨ˆ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ P‡ËñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° BÇí¼Ô¨‡Ê‡Ã‡‰È WÝv…´ˆÅ ʈçWˆÉ¿áʇÇã JŸºÃ‡á.

B«‡á¯P‡ G®‡°ŸÖ‡á¨Ý¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡ P‡Ëñˆ¿áá 1885Ç Ó‡áʇÞÄWˆ ‘CíXÉÐ… P‡Ê‡®‡’W‡Ù‡ A®‡áÊݨ‡¨‡ ʇáãÆP‡ BÃ‡í»‡ÊÝÀáñˆí¨‡á ÓÝ×ñ‡Â a‡ÄñˆÅW‡Ù‡‰È ÖˆàÙ‡ÇÝW‡áñ‡¤¨ˆ. D B«‡á¯P‡Êݨ‡ P‡ËñˆW‡Ù‡‰È, ×í©®‡ «‡Ê‡á쨇 ËЇ¿áQRíñ‡ ÇèQP‡Ê‡ä ÊÝÓ‡¤Ê‡Ê‡ä B¨‡ ËЇ¿áW‡ÚǸˆàP‡á Gí¨‡á ÖˆàÙ‡áʇ⨇áíoá. ʈçWˆÉ¿áʇÇá Aí¥‡ P‡ËñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ŸÃˆ©¨ÝªÃˆ. 1848ÇЇár ×í¨ˆ "¿Þ£ÅP‡®‡ Ó‡íaÝÇ’ GíŸ W‡¨‡Â P‡¥Ý®‡P‡¨‡‰È D ŸWˆ¿á Ö‡ñݤÇá P‡ËñˆW‡Úʈ. AʇâW‡Ù‡‰È GÇv‡á ±‡¨‡ÂW‡Ù‡á:

Ó‡í¨‡»‡ì: CŸºÃ‡á ¿Þ£ÅP‡Ã‡á ÖˆãÇq¨ÝªÃˆ. Jí¨‡á E¨Ý®‡Ê‡®‡á° PÝ|áñݤÈ. A¨‡Ã‡ ʇ|쮈 ×àWˆ Ÿí©¨ˆ:

®‡©¿á ¯àÇ£ ʇ᫇áÇÊÝXÖ‡á&
©¨‡Ã‡ £àÇ© ¸ˆÙˆ¨‡ ʇáÇW‡Ù‡
ñ‡á©ÁãÚÇá£Ö‡ PÝÀ᱇|YÙ‡á ±‡âЇ³±‡ñ‡ÅW‡Ù‡á
ʇáᨇ© Ö‡¹º¨‡ Æñˆ¿á W‡áí±‡âW‡&
و㨇XÓ‡áʇ CÐÝr¥‡ìʇ®‡á, g®‡&
Ĩ‡Ã‡ »ˆãàW‡Pˆ Cñ‡Ã‡Êˆ‰Æʇ ¹oár¹v‡©Ö‡Ãˆ!
D ©àZì¿ÞñˆÅ¿á Pˆã®ˆ¿á »‡Ã‡ñ‡ÊÝP‡Â¨‡ ±‡¨‡Â ×àX¨ˆ: ¿ÞÊ‡â¨ˆà ±‡¿á|¨‡‰È (Ö‡Ùˆ¿á PÝƨ‡áª) P‡Ð‡r, Ó‡áS GÇv‡ã CÇáñ‡¤Êˆ¿á‰Æʈà? A¨‡®ˆ°à C‰È ÖˆàڨݪÈ:

¨ÝoÇÝǨ‡ PˆãÙ‡b, ÔíÖ‡¨‡
PÝo, ®‡Ã‡P‡¨‡ ¼à£, »‡ãñ‡W‡
ÙÝo ÃÝû‡Ó‡®‡áÇáÆá ʈ㨇Çݨ‡UÙ‡ P‡Ð‡rW‡Ù‡á
®ˆãàoP‡a‡cÄ¿Þ¨‡ Ÿ¿áÈ®‡
ñˆãào®‡©W‡Ù‡ ÓèSÂ, ¨ˆàʇÇ
P‡ãoʇâÚÛà ±‡¿á| ևЇìʇ¯àʇ⨈‰ÆÄ-Wˆ

Kʇì ˨ˆàÎà Ëá͇®‡Ä¿áá ÇbÔ¨‡ ±‡¨‡Â GíŸá¨ÝX GÙ‡ÛЇãr A¯Ó‡¨‡Ð‡ár D Їo³©W‡Úʈ. P‡®‡°v‡¨ˆªà B¨‡ ©Ì£à¿á ±ÝÅÓ‡, ͇Ÿª ÇÝÈñ‡Â CÇáÊ‡í¥‡ P‡Ê‡®‡W‡Úʇâ. Cí¥‡ P‡ËñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° 1848ÇЇár ×í¨ˆ ÇbÔ¨‡ ʈçWˆÉ ÖˆãÓ‡W‡®‡°v‡¨‡ B©Ê‡á P‡Ë G®‡°ÆwxÀá‰Æ.

ʇáíW‡Ù‡ãÄ®‡‰È ʈçWˆÉWˆ hˆãñˆ¿ÞX, ʈãÊ…XÉíW… C¨‡ªÃ‡á. AʇğºÃ‡ã hÝn£Ÿí«‡áW‡Ù‡á. ʈçWˆÉ¿á ±‡£° ±ÝÈ®ˆ. ʇáãʇÇã P‡®‡°v‡ »ÝЈ, ÓÝ×ñ‡ÂW‡Ù‡®‡á° A»‡ÂÔÔ¨‡Ê‡Ã‡á. D ʇáãʇÇ‰È ¿ÞÇ P‡®‡°v‡ Eñ‡¤Ê‡á? ʈãàiWÝX G¯°Ä& B ʇáãʇÇ‰È Jí¨‡á Ó‡³«ˆì H±‡ìqrñ‡á. ¨ÝӇÇ ±‡¨‡Ê‡®‡á° gʇáì®…Wˆ A®‡áÊÝ©Ó‡áʇ Ó‡³«ˆì¿á¨‡á. ±‡âÃ‡í¨‡Ã‡ ¨ÝӇÇ "BÇá ×ñ‡Ê‡Ã‡á ʇᮇʈ ʇáãÇá ʇáí©ÁãÙ‡Wˆ’ Qàñ‡ì®ˆ¿á®‡á° ʇáãʇÇã gʇáì®… »ÝЈWˆ A®‡áÊÝ©Ô¨‡Ã‡á. A¥‡ì¨‡ ¨‡êÑrÀáí¨‡ ʇáãʇǨ‡ã Ó‡ÄÁ . B¨‡Ãˆ ±ÝÈ®ˆ A®‡áÊݨ‡ gʇáì¯W‡ÄWˆ £Ú¿ááʇíñˆ ӇÇهÊÝXñ‡á¤. ʈãÊ…XÉíW‡Ã‡¨‡á ʇáãÆʇ®‡á° aÝa‡ã ñ‡±‡³¨ˆ A®‡áÓ‡ÄÓ‡ÇÝXñ‡á¤. ʈçWˆÉ AʇǨ‡á ʇáãÆʇ®‡á° A®‡áÓ‡ÄÔ¨‡ªÃ‡ã PÝʇÂʇá¿áÊÝXñ‡á¤.

ʈçWˆÉ¿áʇÇá, PˆÆʈà ʇЇìW‡Ù‡‰È  P‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È ±‡Ä|£¿á®‡á° ÓݘÔܨ‡á B͇c¿áìP‡Ã‡. ʈãÊ…XÉíW‡Ã‡ã P‡®‡°v‡¨‡‰È Ӈʇ᥇ìÇá. ʈçWˆÉ¿áʇÄWˆ ×Ä¿á|¡®‡íñˆ C¨‡ªÊ‡Ã‡á. B¨‡Ã‡ã ʈçWˆÉ ñ‡Ê‡áXíñ‡ ͈ÅàЇu GíŸá¨ÝX ʇááP‡¤ ʇᮇ©í¨‡ ÖˆãW‡Ú¨ÝªÃˆ.

ʈçWˆÉ Ö‡Ù‡W‡®‡°v‡ PÝʇÂʇ®‡ã° A»‡ÂÔÔ¨‡ªÃ‡á. B ŸWˆY gʇáì¯¿á ±ÝÅa‡Â ˨Ý ±‡£ÅPˆ¿á‰È ©àZì LjàS®‡Ê‡®‡á° ŸÃˆ¨‡Ã‡á. A¨ˆãí¨‡á ËÎЇr Ó‡í¨‡»‡ì. ¸ÝӈDž Ëá͇¯°®‡ Pˆàí¨‡Å¨‡ ʇááSÂÓ‡§Ã‡á Ô௿áÃ… Ëá͇®‡Ä¿ÞX¨‡ª ʇáãÊ…XÉíW…ÄWˆ ŸÃˆ¿á¸ˆàPˆí¨‡á ÖˆàÚ¨‡Ã‡á. BW‡ AÊ‡Ã‡á ¸ÝӈDž®‡È‰Ááà Çhˆ¿á‰Èܨ‡Ã‡á. ‘ʇáãÃ‡á £íW‡Ù‡á Aʇ˜¿á®‡á° PˆãwÄ.

®‡®‡Xíñ‡ Öˆa‡ác £Ú¨‡Ê‡ÃˆãŸºÄí¨‡ ŸÃˆÀáÔ ñ‡ÄÓ‡áʈ’ Gí¨‡Ã‡á ʈãÊ…XÉíW…. ʇáãÃ‡á £íW‡Ù‡á HPˆí¨‡Ãˆ& Ö‡v‡W‡á ʇáíW‡Ù‡ãÄWˆ ÖˆãàX ŸÃ‡áʇ⨇PˆR GÇv‡ãʇÈ £íW‡Ù‡á. Ö‡Ó‡¤±‡Å£¿á®‡á° Ô¨‡œ±‡wÓ‡áʇ⨇PˆR 15 ©®‡. ŸÃˆ¿á¸ˆàPݨ‡Ê‡Ã‡á ʇáñݤÇã A‰Æ, ʈçWˆÉ.

B¨‡Ãˆ 15 ©®‡ ÓÝPˆ? AʇÇ PÝÆPˆR P‡áʇÞÇÊÝÂÓ‡ »ÝÇñ‡, hˆ„Ëᯠ»ÝÇñ‡, ÃÝg͈àSÇ ËÙÝÓ‡, ¨ÝӇÇ ±‡¨‡W‡Ù‡á, Ӈʇìgn®‡ ʇa‡®‡W‡Ù‡á ʇáñ‡á¤ PˆÆʇ⠿áû‡WÝ®‡ ±‡ÅÓ‡íW‡W‡Ù‡á; hˆãñˆWˆ A¨ˆà 19®ˆà ͇ñ‡Ê‡Þ®‡¨‡ ±‡äʇ쨇‰È PˆùÓ‡¤Ã‡á A®‡áÊÝ©Ô¨‡ª bP‡R ±‡âÓ‡¤P‡W‡Ù‡á. ÓÝʇáXÅ ×àWˆ P‡wʈá C¨‡ªÃ‡ã C‰È¿á »ÝЈ& ÓÝ×ñ‡Â¨‡ ±‡Äa‡¿áʇâ A±‡ä|ì G¯Ô¨‡Ã‡ã, A¨‡Ã‡ ±‡Äa‡¿á Ó‡ÌƳÊݨ‡Ã‡ã CÃ‡Çˆí¨‡á ²àtPˆ¿á‰È ÖˆàÙ‡áñ‡¤, ʈçWˆÉ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â a‡ÄñˆÅ¿á®‡á° ŸÃˆ¨‡Ã‡á.

ʈçWˆÉ¿áÊ‡Ã‡á ¿áû‡WÝ®‡ ±‡ÅŸí«‡W‡Ù‡®‡ã° hÝ®‡±‡¨‡ ÖÝv‡áW‡Ù‡®‡ã° P‡®‡°v‡ ÓÝ×ñ‡Â¨‡ ±‡ÅPÝÇW‡Ù‡‰È ÓˆàÄԨݪÈ. BX®‡ PÝÆPˆR AʇÇ D ¯Æáʈá A±‡Ã‡ã±‡¨‡áª. ¿áû‡WÝ®‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° ±‡¨‡ÂËáÎÅñ‡ W‡¨‡ÂÊˆí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ©¨ÝªÃˆ.

hÝ®‡±‡¨‡ P‡ê£W‡Ù‡á A®ˆàP‡ ŸWˆ¿á‰È ʇáÖ‡ñ‡Ì¨‡Ê‡â GíŸá¨‡®‡á° ʈçWˆÉ ʇᮇW‡íw¨‡ªÃ‡á. Cʇâ Ó‡Ìñ‡íñ‡Å ÖÝW‡ã ͇ᨇœ PÝʇÂW‡Ù‡á. Bíñ‡ÄP‡ Óèí¨‡¿á쨇‰È ¿Þʇ ¨‡êÑrÀáí¨‡Æã P‡wʈá¿á‰Æ. ¨‡á¨ˆçìʇPˆR Aʇ®‡á° ʇᮈ¿á‰È¿á ÖˆíW‡Ó‡Ã‡á ÖÝv‡áñݤÃݨ‡ªÄí¨‡ Ó‡íW‡Å×Ó‡áʇ⨇á P‡t|Êˆí¨‡á £Ú©¨ÝªÃˆ. C®‡á° hÝ®‡±‡¨‡ P‡¥ˆW‡Ù‡á. Aʇ⠻ÝÇñ‡ ¨ˆà͇¨‡ ¸ˆàÃÝʇ »ÝW‡¨‡ P‡¥ˆW‡ÚWˆ ÖˆãàÈÔ¨ÝW‡ W‡á|¨‡‰È PˆÙ‡Ê‡áor¨‡Êˆà®‡ã A‰ÆÊˆí¨‡á ʈçWˆÉ ÓÝĨݪÈ.

ʈçWˆÉ Ó‡áÿǨ‡ãŲ. B¨‡Ãˆ ʈàЇ»‡ãЇ|¨‡ñ‡¤ W‡Ê‡á®‡PˆãorʇÈà A‰Æ. "¨Ýw ʇÞwPˆãÙ‡áÛʇ⨇PˆR ʇÞñ‡Å P‡®‡°w¿á®‡á° ŸÙ‡Ó‡á£¤¨‡ªÃ‡á. A¨‡ã Jí¨ˆÃ‡v‡á Ëá¯oá ʇÞñ‡Å’ Gí¨‡á ʈãÊ…XÉíW… ®‡Wˆ¿Þw¨ÝªÃˆ.

1855Ç gã®… £íW‡Ù‡‰È Jí¨‡á ©®‡ hˆãàÃÝX gÌÇ Ÿí©ñ‡á. ʈáç¿á‰È W‡¨‡W‡á©Pˆ BÃ‡í»‡ÊÝÀáñ‡á. B ÃݣŠP‡Ùˆ¨‡á ¸ˆÙ‡X®‡ hÝʇ¨‡‰È Pˆã®ˆ¿ááÔÇ®‡á° GÙˆ¨‡Ã‡á. ʇáÇ|¨‡ PÝÆPˆR AʇÄWˆ PˆàÊ‡Æ 39 ʇÇáЇ. P‡®ÝìoP‡¨‡‰È P‡Ùˆ¨‡¨‡áª 15 ʇЇì. AʇÇá C®‡°Ð‡ár PÝÆ Ÿ¨‡áQ C©ª¨‡ªÃˆ AʇÄí¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ûˆàñ‡ÅPˆR Öˆbc®‡ Óˆàʈ Ó‡‰Æᣤñ‡á¤.