‘P‡®‡°v‡ ®‡áw ±‡â®‡Ã‡áijàʇ®‡¨‡ g®‡P‡’ G®‡á°Ê‡ WèÇʇPˆR ±Ýñ‡ÅÃݨ‡ vˆ±‡äÂq aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³ ʇáÃÝt ±Ýşƨ‡ ®ˆÆ¨‡‰È P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ ¹àgʇ®‡á° FĨ‡ ¨‡P‡Ò ÖÝW‡ã ÓÝ̼ʇޯ A˜PÝÄ. Ö‡®ˆ°Ã‡v‡®ˆà ͇ñ‡Ê‡Þ®‡¨‡ ŸÓ‡Ê‡|¡ ʇÞwܨ‡á ÓÝʇÞiP‡ PÝÅí£; D aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡¨‡á ÎP‡Ò| PÝÅí£. ʇááí¸ˆç P‡®ÝìoP‡ ±ÝÅíñ‡Â¨‡‰È Cí¨‡á P‡®‡°v‡ iàʇíñ‡ÊÝXܨ‡Ãˆ A¨‡PˆR aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ãˆà PÝÇ|.
Cí¨‡á ʇááí¸ˆç P‡®Ýì-oP‡ Gí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ-¿áá-ñˆ¤à-ʇ‰Æ; B »ÝW‡-¨‡‰È Ö‡ñˆã¤íŸ-ñ‡¤®ˆà ͇ñ‡-ʇÞ-®‡¨‡ Eñ‡¤-ÃÝ-«‡ì-¨‡‰È PˆàÊ‡Æ Ê‡áÃÝt »ÝЈÁáà ±‡Åa‡-È-ñ‡-¨‡-‰Èñ‡á¤. ±ˆà͈Ì-¿á-ʇÇ Bv‡-Ú-ñ‡¨‡ ´‡Æ A¨‡á. Bv‡Úñ‡ »ÝЈ¿Þ¨‡ ʇáÃÝt¿á®ˆ°à G‰ÆÇã KLjçӇᣤܨ‡áܨ‡Äí¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡PˆR EÚWÝÆʈà C‰Æ G®‡á°Ê‡í¥‡ ±‡ÄÔ§£. Cí¥‡ Ó‡í©W‡œ ±‡ÄÔ§£¿á‰È Aí©®‡ ¹ÅqàÐ… Bv‡Úñ‡WÝÇÄWˆ C‰È¿á g®‡Ã‡ ʇÞñ‡ê»ÝЈ P‡®‡°v‡Êˆà Gí¨‡á ʇᮇWÝ~Ô, P‡®‡°v‡ ÍÝLjW‡Ù‡á ñ‡ÌÄñ‡W‡£¿á‰È BÃ‡í»‡ÊÝW‡Æá PÝÇ~໇ãñ‡Ãݨ‡Ê‡Ã‡á vˆ±‡äÂq aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³. P‡®‡°v‡ ñ‡Ã‡¸ˆà£ PÝLjàgá, ‘ʇás‡’ G®‡á°Ê‡ ͈çP‡Ò~P‡ ʇÞÓ‡±‡£ÅPˆ¿á BÃ‡í»‡P‡ãR AʇÇܨˆà ®ˆàñ‡êñ‡Ì.
*
aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡ ±‡äʇìgÃ‡á ¸ˆÙ‡WÝË i‰Çˆ¿á WˆãàPÝP‡PˆR ÓˆàĨ‡Ê‡Ã‡á. B¨‡Ãˆ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡ ñ‡í¨ˆ ŸÓ‡ÈíW‡±‡³ ÖÝW‡ã AʇÇ ±‡£° £±‡³Ê‡Ì «ÝÇÊÝv‡PˆR Ÿí¨‡á A‰È ÊݱÝǨ‡‰È ñˆãv‡X¨‡Ã‡á. aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³ (g®‡®‡: 1.11.1833) BÇá ʇЇ쨇 Ö‡Ó‡áÙˆ¿ÞXܨÝW‡Çˆà ŸÓ‡ÈíW‡±‡³ £àÄPˆãív‡Ã‡á. «‡ê£Wˆv‡¨‡ £±‡³Ê‡Ì ʇáW‡®‡ BÈçPˆWˆ ¯íñ‡Ã‡á. A¿á®‡Ê‡Ã‡ ʇᮈ&ʇás‡W‡Ù‡‰È K¨‡á P‡È¿á¸ˆàPݨ‡ ©®‡W‡Ù‡Ê‡â. B¨‡Ãˆ D ±ÝÅ¥‡ËáP‡ ÎP‡Ò|P‡RЈrà aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡ Ö‡Ôʇâ CíW‡áʇí£Ã‡È‰Æ. ӇʇÞg¨‡‰È ±‡Å£Ñuñ‡ Óݧ®‡ ÖÝW‡ã JÙˆÛ¿á Ö‡áܨˆ ¨ˆãÇQÔPˆãv‡á£¤Ü¨‡ CíXÉÐ… P‡È¿ááʇ ʇáÖ‡ñÝÌPÝíPˆÒ AʇǨ‡á. BW‡ CíXÉÐ… P‡È¿á¸ˆàPˆí¨‡Ãˆ ±‡âOˆ A¥‡ÊÝ Ê‡ááí¸ˆçWˆ ÖˆãàW‡¸ˆàPÝXñ‡á¤.
¸ÝÆP‡®ˆà®ˆã ±‡âOˆWˆ ÖˆãàW‡¸ˆàPˆí¨‡áPˆãív‡. AʇᾠJ±‡³È‰Æ. Jí¨‡áÃÝ£Å, Aʇᾠ±ˆqrWˆ¿á‰Èqrܨ‡ 3 Çã±ÝÀá 10 BOˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° hˆà¹XÚÔ¨‡ Ö‡áv‡áW‡ ʇᮈ ¹or. ±‡âOˆ 430 Q.Ëáà. ¨‡ãǨ‡ FÇá. ¨ÝÄ Ê‡á«‡Â¨‡‰È WˆãàPÝP‡¨‡‰È ñ‡®‡° ñ‡í¨ˆ¿á WˆÙˆ¿á ®ÝW‡±‡³ XÃݱ‡äÇ AʇÇ‰È ¸ÝÆP‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³ ñ‡®‡° ʇáÖ‡‡ñÝÌPÝíPˆÒ ñˆãàwPˆãív‡. B ×Ä¿áÃ‡á ¸ÝÆP‡®‡®‡á° ևÇÔ, Iʇñ‡á¤ Çã±ÝÀá ¯àw ¹àÙˆãRorÇá.
PÝÆ°wWˆ¿á‰Çˆà ±‡âOˆ ÓˆàĨ‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡ÄWˆ A‰È®‡ WˆãàËí¨‡ÃÝÊ… ʈáÖ‡í¨‡ÙˆàP‡Ã‡ G®‡á°Ê‡Ê‡Ã‡á ®ˆÃ‡ËWˆ Ÿí¨‡á P‡ÈPˆ¿á ʈa‡c »‡ÄÓ‡Æá J²³Pˆãív‡Ã‡á. ʇááí¨ˆ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³ Aʇᾮ‡®‡ã° ±‡âOˆWˆ P‡ÃˆÔPˆãív‡Ã‡á. P‡wʈá ʈa‡c¨‡‰È ÓÝ¨Ý iàʇ®‡ ®‡vˆÔ¨‡ AʇÇá ͇Åʇ᱇oár P‡Èñ‡á Gíi¯¿áÄíW… PÝLjàiWˆ ӈేìvˆ¿Þ¨‡Ã‡á. W‡~ñ‡ ʇáñ‡á¤ B«‡á¯P‡ ÍÝÔ÷à¿á ËЇ¿áW‡Ù‡‰È AʇÄWˆ ˱‡Äàñ‡ BÓ‡Q¤. ʈáàƪhˆì¿á‰È Gíi¯¿áÄíW… ±‡äÈçÔ, ñÝʇâ P‡Èñ‡ PÝLjài®‡‰ÈÁáà PˆÆPÝÆ PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞw¨‡ ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ 1855Ç‰È «ÝÇÊÝv‡PˆR ×í£Ã‡áX¨‡Ã‡á. PˆÆPÝÆ Aíaˆ CÇÝTˆ¿á‰È PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞw¨‡ ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ ˨Ý CÇÝTˆWˆ ÓˆàÄPˆãív‡Ã‡á.
*
«ÝÇÊÝv‡¨‡‰È ʇ꣤ BÇí¼Ô¨‡ ®‡íñ‡Ã‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡ Ÿ¨‡áP‡á Jí¨‡áÄࣿá‰È P‡®‡°v‡ ÓˆàʈWˆ ËáàÓ‡ÇÝÀáñ‡á. AʇÇ P‡®‡°v‡ Óˆàʈ¿á®‡á° Ó‡.Ó‡. ʇÞÙ‡ÊÝv‡Ã‡á W‡á£ìÓ‡áʇ⨇á ×àWˆ:
‘A±‡äʇì ʈáà«Ý͇Q¤, Ó‡íZo®Ý aÝñ‡á¿áì, ®ˆàÇ ®‡vˆ®‡áw, ±ÝÅʇÞ~P‡ñˆ, ¯Ð‡áuÇñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° ʈáçW‡ãwÔPˆãíwܨ‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á g®‡ñˆ¿á ʈáàLj ñ‡Ê‡á¾ ʇÂQ¤ñ‡Ì©í¨ÝX ±‡Å»Ýʇ ¹àĨ‡Ã‡á. B ±‡Å»Ýʇʇ®‡á° P‡®‡°v‡ »ÝЈ¿á ±‡ÅaÝÇ ±‡ÅW‡£WÝX ŸÙ‡Ô¨‡Ã‡á. AʇÇ ÎЇÂÃ‡á ‘P‡®ÝìoP‡ ˨ÝÂʇ«‡ìP‡ Ó‡íZ’ Óݧ²Ô¨ÝW‡ P‡®‡°v‡ ñ‡Çˆ Gñ‡á¤Ê‡ ŸWˆWˆ ÓÝí\P‡ ±‡Å¿áñ‡° BÃ‡í»‡ÊÝÀáñ‡á. ×àWˆ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á P‡®‡°v‡ ±‡â®‡Ã‡áijàʇ®‡¨‡ ²ñÝʇáÖ‡Ãݨ‡Ã‡á’.
*
1865Ç‰È ËÈ¿áí ALj®… ÇӈDž GíŸáÊ‡Ã‡á ¨‡QÒ| Ë»ÝW‡¨‡ C®…Õ±ˆP‡rÃ… BX Ÿí¨‡Ã‡á. AʇÄWˆ P‡®‡°v‡Êˆà C‰È¿á g®‡ñˆ¿á ʇÞñ‡ê»ÝЈÁáí¨‡á ʇᮇʇÄPˆ ʇÞwPˆãor aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, P‡®‡°v‡ ÎP‡ÒP‡Ã‡ ñ‡Ã‡¸ˆà£WÝX ñˆÃˆ©Ü¨‡ ¸ˆÙ‡WÝË¿á ®ÝʇáìÇ… Ó‡ãRÇ… ¨‡hˆì¿á®‡á° Gñ‡¤ÄÓ‡Æá PÝÇ|Ãݨ‡Ã‡á. ñ‡Ã‡¸ˆà£ ˨ÝÂƿᨇ‰È PˆÆPÝÆ PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞw¨‡ AʇÇá, B®‡íñ‡Ã‡ «ÝÇÊÝv‡ i‰Çˆ¿á vˆ±‡äÂq GgáPˆà͇®‡Ç… C®…Õ±ˆP‡rÃ… Ö‡áܨˆWˆ ®ˆàʇáP‡Êݨ‡Ã‡á. ‘vˆ±‡äÂq’ G®‡á°Ê‡â¨‡á AʇÇ ֈӇĮˆãí©Wˆ AíqPˆãíwܨ‡á BX¯í¨‡Çˆà.
aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡‡Ã‡ »‡XàÇ¥‡ ±‡Å¿áñ‡°©í¨ÝX ʇááí¸ˆç P‡®ÝìoP‡ ±ÝÅíñ‡Â¨‡‰È Öˆa‡ác P‡®‡°v‡ ÍÝLjW‡Ù‡á BÃ‡í»‡Êݨ‡Ê‡â. 1855&56Ç‰È ¸ˆÙ‡WÝË, ¹hݱ‡âÇ, «ÝÇÊÝv‡ i‰ÇˆW‡Ù‡‰È P‡ÅʇáÊÝX 13, 9 ÖÝW‡ã 12 ÍÝLjW‡Úܨ‡Ê‡â. 1882Ç ʈàÙˆWˆ B Ó‡íTˆÂ 166, 150 ÖÝW‡ã 341PˆRàÄñ‡á.
BX®‡ P‡®‡°v‡ ±‡âÓ‡¤P‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° P‡®‡°vˆàñ‡Ã‡ A˜PÝÄW‡Ù‡á ŸÃˆ¿áᣤܨ‡Ã‡á. P‡®‡°v‡ ʇáP‡RÙ‡ A»ÝÂÓ‡PˆR Ó‡ÄÖˆãí¨‡¨‡ D ±‡âÓ‡¤P‡W‡Ù‡®‡á° Ÿ¨‡ÈÓ‡Æá A®‡áʇᣠ±‡vˆ¨‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, P‡®‡°v‡ ˨ÝÌíÓ‡Äí¨‡ ÖˆãÓ‡ ±‡âÓ‡¤P‡ ŸÃˆÔ¨‡Ã‡á.
*
ʇááSӇᤣ ʇÞv‡áʇʇÇ®‡á° P‡ív‡Ãˆ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡ÄWˆ BW‡á£¤Ã‡È‰Æ. JʈᾠJŸº ʇÞÓ‡¤Ã‡Ã‡á aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡ ŸWˆWˆ ñÝʇ⠟Ȩ‡ P‡ËñˆW‡Ù‡®‡á° K©¨‡Ã‡á. A¨‡PˆR ±‡Å£¿ÞX aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á, ‘®‡®‡° ®ÝÔP‡Ê‡â Ó‡í²Wˆ Ö‡ãËWˆ Ó‡Ä Gí¨‡á ÖˆàÚÜ©àÄ. B¨‡Ãˆ A¨‡á ñˆãívˆPÝÀá¿áíñˆ ¨‡±‡³ÊÝX¨ˆ. Ó‡áÙ‡áÛ ÖˆàÚ ¨ˆãàЇ ʇÞv‡áʇ Ÿ¨‡Æá ʇᮈ¿á‰È Jí¨‡á ±Ýʇâ hˆãàÙ‡ ¹àÓ‡ÈPˆR ×w©Ü¨‡Ãˆ ʇᮈ¿áÊ‡Ã‡á ¯Ê‡áWˆ Ó‡íñˆãàЇ©í¨‡ Èãqr ʇÞw ÖÝP‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡á’ Gí¨‡á E±‡¨ˆàÎÔ¨‡Ã‡á.
*
ÓÝÌËáàiW‡Ù‡ ÓˆãàW‡ÇÝwñ‡®‡¨‡ ŸWˆY aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³ ¯Ð‡áuÇÊÝX ʇÞñ‡®Ýv‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡á. AÊ‡Ã‡á ¿Þʇâ¨Ý¨‡Ãˆãí¨‡á FÄWˆ ÖˆãਇP‡ãv‡Çˆà A‰È¿á ʇás‡¨‡ A¿á®‡Ê‡Ã‡á B FÃ‡á ¹pˆrà ÖˆãàW‡á£¤Ü¨‡Ã‡á. D PÝÇ|©í¨ÝX g®‡Ã‡á ‘Ö‡áÈ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³’ Gí¨‡á P‡Ãˆ¿áᣤܨ‡á¨‡ã Eíoá. JʈᾠJŸº ÓÝÌËáW‡Ù‡á D ‘Ö‡áÈ’¿á®‡á° ®ˆãàv‡Æá Ÿí¨‡Ã‡á. BW‡ aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á ÓÝÌËáW‡Ù‡®‡á° EܨˆàÎÔ ÖˆàÚ¨‡Ã‡á& ‘Ó‡P‡RÄà P‡Ã‡~¿áá ±Ý¿áTÝ®ˆ¿á‰È ¹ñ‡á¤’. ÓÝÌËáW‡Ù‡á ӇʇÞg Ó‡á«ÝÇOÝ PˆÆÓ‡ ʇÞv‡á£¤‰Æ G®‡á°Ê‡â¨‡á B ʇޣ®‡ JÙ‡W‡áoár.
*
aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á ŸÖ‡Ù‡ PÝÆ EÚ¿áȉÆ. ñ‡Ê‡á¾ 47®ˆà ʇ¿áÔÕ®‡‰È (4.1.1881) ¯«‡®‡Ãݨ‡Ã‡á. B¨‡Ãˆ AʇÇá Ö‡bc¨‡ P‡®‡°v‡ hˆãÂ࣠Cí¨‡á ±‡ÅSÇÊÝX ¸ˆÙ‡W‡á£¤¨ˆ. ±ÝqàÆ ±‡âor±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á A¼±Ýſ᱇v‡áʇíñˆ, ‘K©Ü¨‡á Gíi¯¿áÄíW…. ʇÞwܨ‡á P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ Óˆàʈ. Gíi¯¿áÃ… aˆ®‡°ŸÓ‡±‡³®‡Ê‡Ã‡á P‡®‡°v‡¨‡ P‡orv‡PˆR »‡¨‡Å Ÿá®Ý©¿á®‡á° ÖÝQ¨‡Ã‡á’. B Ÿá®Ý©¿á ʈáàLj P‡®‡°v‡Ó談ËàW‡ Gܨ‡á¯í£¨ˆ.
(Óèg®‡Â: BÃ….-G®…. P‡Ã‡w AʇÇ ‘P‡-®‡°-v‡¨‡ ͇P‡-±‡â-ÇáЇ vˆ±‡äÂq aˆ®‡°-ŸÓ‡-±‡³-®‡-ʇÇá)
